Decision Support Tool

Key of colours and indicators in the DST — Key for colours and indicators in the DST

The purpose of this decision support tool is to provide initial screening for remediation options for an individual source-pathway-receptor linkage (also known as a contaminant or pollutant linkage). A linkage may apply across an entire contaminated site or a zone of a site. More than one linkage may be present in a particular area. The tool allows you to screen multiple linkages, based on information that you provide.

We will retain this information in confidence in the cloud so that you can

review your linkages multiple times and update the information provided, or
use the tool to support meetings with different stakeholders (e.g. site owners, regulators etc).

You can (if you have purchased credits) output screening reports at any stage.

Please check the figure right to understand the colours and symbols in the DST.

Report Owner

Name

Organisation

Type of record:

Create a New Site

Retrieve a Saved Site

New Site Information

Site Name

Site Reference

These data are relevant to

Section(s) the data are relevant to:

Retrieve Site Information

Site Name

Site Reference

Reference Suffix

Record date

These data are relevant to

Section(s) the data are relevant to:

The Decision Support Tool is a screening tool. Our Enquiry Panel is available to support you on more detailed site specifc questions following your screening.

Contact the Enquiry Panel

Please don't use the back button on your browser to navigate, as it may cause you to lose your data. Use these Back buttons.

Input Parameters

You can use these drop downs and the sliders to input information for your contaminant linkage. You can deselect sliders if you do not have information or consider them irrelevant. Alternatively you can use the qualitative descriptors if you do not have quantitative information, for example at an early site assessment stage. The greater the range of input information the more reliable the screening will be.

Contaminant type

Zone of interest

Contaminant phase

Accessibility

Water/Soil pH:

Water/Soil temperature:

Hydraulic Conductivity:

Oxygen content:

Groundwater velocity:

Depth:

Electrical Conductivity:

Key Impact Filters

The DST allows you to refine the listing based on the likely fate of contaminants and some key sustainability drivers by clicking "View impact filters". Tick to show the filters and refine the list of technologies.

View Impact Filters

By default, the Fate of Contaminant filters are on, and the Sustainability Impact filters are off, which allows all technologies to show. Tick or untick the boxes to filter the technologies in the listing on the right below. Technologies affected by the filters will be grey.

Fate of contaminant

Containment

Immobilisation

Removal as concentrate

Removal as bulk

Destruction

Sustainability Impact. Prevent high...

Waste production

Energy consumption

Resource usage

Water discharge

Method and Applicability

Show reporting and other tools

Report Credits remaining:

Method 1

Method 2

Method 3

Method 4

Method 5

Method 6

Method 7

Method 8

Method 9

Method 10

Method 11

Method 12

Method 13

Method 14

Method 15

Method 16

Method 17

Method 18

Method 19

Method 20

Method 21

Method 22

Method 23

Method 24

Filters txt

Rules txt

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sparging and biosparging"},{"e_suitability":null,"e_weight":null,"e_comment":"Contaminant destruction can occur only if bioventing is employed.","Fate of Contaminant":"destruction","technology":"Soil vapour extraction \/ venting and bioventing"},{"e_suitability":null,"e_weight":null,"e_comment":"Fate depends on the contaminant and phytoremediation approach.","Fate of Contaminant":"containment","technology":"Phytoremediation"},{"e_suitability":null,"e_weight":null,"e_comment":"Fate depends on the contaminant and phytoremediation approach.","Fate of Contaminant":"immobilisation","technology":"Phytoremediation"},{"e_suitability":null,"e_weight":null,"e_comment":"Fate depends on the contaminant and phytoremediation approach.","Fate of Contaminant":"concentrate","technology":"Phytoremediation"},{"e_suitability":null,"e_weight":null,"e_comment":"Fate depends on the contaminant and phytoremediation approach.","Fate of Contaminant":"destruction","technology":"Phytoremediation"},{"e_suitability":null,"e_weight":null,"e_comment":"Fate depends on the contaminant and phytoremediation approach.","Fate of Contaminant":"bulk","technology":"Phytoremediation"},{"e_suitability":null,"e_weight":null,"e_comment":"Thermal oxidation might convert organic contaminants to carbon dioxide and water, but whether destruction occurs depends on the contaminant and the used temperature.","Fate of Contaminant":"destruction","technology":"In situ thermal"},{"e_suitability":null,"e_weight":null,"e_comment":"Special technical solutions might be required to enable the excavation if a large amout of groundwater infiltrates the pit.","Groundwater Velocity":"fast","technology":"Excavation"},{"e_suitability":null,"e_weight":null,"e_comment":"If the salinity is high, there might be fewer plant species available.","Electrical Conductivity":"high","technology":"Phytoremediation"}]

Memberships txt

{"index":["p1","p2","p3","p4"],"water temperature\u241every cold":["-Infinity","-Infinity","3","5"],"water temperature\u241ecold":["3","5","6","8"],"water temperature\u241emild":["6","8","9","11"],"water temperature\u241ewarm":["9","11","12","14"],"water temperature\u241every warm":["12","14","15","17"],"water temperature\u241ehot":["15","17","Infinity","Infinity"],"ph\u241every acidic":["-Infinity","-Infinity","3.0","5.5"],"ph\u241eacidic":["3.0","5.5","5.5","6.5"],"ph\u241eslightly acidic":["5.5","6.5","6.5","7"],"ph\u241eneutral":["6.5","7.0","7.0","7.5"],"ph\u241eslightly alkaline":["7.0","7.5","7.5","8.5"],"ph\u241ealkaline":["7.5","8.5","8.5","11.0"],"ph\u241every alkaline":["8.5","11.0","Infinity","Infinity"],"oxygen content\u241eanoxic":["-Infinity","-Infinity","0.4","0.5"],"oxygen content\u241elow":["0.4","0.5","1.5","4.0"],"oxygen content\u241emedium":["1.5","4.0","6.0","10.0"],"oxygen content\u241ehigh":["6.0","10.0","Infinity","Infinity"],"contaminant\u241ealiphatics":["2","2","3","3"],"contaminant\u241earomatics":["3","3","4","4"],"contaminant\u241echlorinated aliphatics":["-Infinity","-Infinity","1","1"],"contaminant\u241echlorinated aromatics":["1","1","2","2"],"contaminant\u241ePAH (non-halogenated)":["4","4","5","5"],"contaminant\u241ePFAS":["5","5","6","6"],"contaminant\u241ePCBs":["6","6","7","7"],"contaminant\u241ecationic trace elements":["7","7","8","8"],"contaminant\u241eoxyanionic trace elements":["8","8","Infinity","Infinity"],"contaminant\u241eother":["Infinity","Infinity","Infinity","Infinity"],"zone of interest\u241eunsaturated":["-Infinity","-Infinity","1","1"],"zone of interest\u241ecapillary fringe":["1","1","2","2"],"zone of interest\u241esaturated":["2","2","Infinity","Infinity"],"contaminant phase\u241eplume":["-Infinity","-Infinity","1","1"],"contaminant phase\u241eNAPL pool":["1","1","2","2"],"contaminant phase\u241eresidual NAPL":["2","2","3","3"],"contaminant phase\u241esorbed":["3","3","Infinity","Infinity"],"groundwater velocity\u241eslow":["-Infinity","-Infinity","0.01","0.05"],"groundwater velocity\u241emedium":["0.01","0.05","0.10","0.25"],"groundwater velocity\u241efast":["0.10","0.25","Infinity","Infinity"],"depth to be treated\u241eshallow":["-Infinity","-Infinity","8","12"],"depth to be treated\u241edeep":["8","12","Infinity","Infinity"],"hydraulic conductivity\u241eslightly permeable":["-Infinity","-Infinity","-8.5","-7.5"],"hydraulic conductivity\u241emoderately permeable":["-8.5","-7.5","-6.5","-5.5"],"hydraulic conductivity\u241epermeable":["-6.5","-5.5","-4.5","-3.5"],"hydraulic conductivity\u241ehighly permeable":["-4.5","-3.5","Infinity","Infinity"],"electrical conductivity\u241elow":["-Infinity","-Infinity","0","100"],"electrical conductivity\u241emedium":["0","100","1500","2000"],"electrical conductivity\u241ehigh":["1500","2000","Infinity","Infinity"],"accessibility\u241efreely accessible surface":["-Infinity","-Infinity","1","1"],"accessibility\u241ebuilt-up area; accessible for well-drilling":["1","1","2","2"],"accessibility\u241enot accessible":["2","2","Infinity","Infinity"]}

Info txt

{"1":{"id":1,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-02-07 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-06-20 09:17:18","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Enhanced Phytoremediation","generic_desc":"<h3>Enhanced Phytoremediation (EPR)<\/h3>\n<p>Combination of rhizodegradation with electrokinetic treatments and other interventions. There are multiple synergies: including:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Within the root zone recalcitrant organics can be rendered biolabile,<\/li>\n<li>immobilisation of metalloids in biomass or iron oxides from sacrificial iron electrodes,<\/li>\n<li>improved growth conditions and supply of contaminants,<\/li>\n<li>vertical integration to provide ongoing treatment by redox processes and bio stimulation at depth<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>Targeted problems<\/h4>\n<p>Diffuse source terms and pathway management for:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PAHs and other organics<\/li>\n<li>Chlorinated aliphatics<\/li>\n<li>Metalloids, e.g. arsenic<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Performance gains<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Long term, low input solution,<\/li>\n<li>Resilience to contaminant toxicity<\/li>\n<li>Large area solution<\/li>\n<li>Use of renewable energy<\/li>\n<li>Applicable to a wide range of soil textures including silts and clays<\/li>\n<li>Applicable in the vadose and saturated zones<\/li>\n<\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"enhanced-phytoremediation"},"2":{"id":2,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-02-07 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-12-17 15:26:20","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Bioelectrochemical Remediation","generic_desc":"<h3>Bioelectrochemical Remediation (BER)<\/h3>\n<p>Bioelectrochemical enhanced degradation of reduced and oxidized compounds. Enhanced redox through electrode participation in microbial metabolism of environmental pollution.<\/p>\n<h4>Targeted problems<\/h4>\n<p>Source and pathway management for:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Petroleum hydrocarbons<\/li>\n<li>Chlorinated solvents<\/li>\n<li>Heavy metals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Performance gains<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Petroleum hydrocarbons<\/li>\n<li>Chlorinated solvents<\/li>\n<li>Heavy metals<\/li>\n<li>Long term solution over an operational site's lifetime<\/li>\n<li>Cheap: simple installation, and maintenance, and zero \/ low energy demand<\/li>\n<li>Tolerates high contaminant concentrations<\/li>\n<li>Treats mixed contamination<\/li>\n<\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"bioelectrochemical-remediation"},"3":{"id":3,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-02-07 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-06-24 13:40:55","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Electro Nanobioremediation","generic_desc":"<h3>Electro-nanobioremediation (ENB)<\/h3>\r\n<p>In situ bioremediation integrated sequentially or in parallel with nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) applications in combination with electrokinetic inputs<\/p>\r\n<h4>Targeted problems<\/h4>\r\n<p>Source and pathway management for:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Complex and persistent halogenated organic compounds<\/li>\r\n<li>Pesticides<\/li>\r\n<li>Metalloids<\/li>\r\n<li>PFAS<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4>Performance gains<\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Broader range of treatable aquifers<\/li>\r\n<li>Reduced resource use (less bio-substrate, ZVI)<\/li>\r\n<li>Reduced energy demand \/ renewable energy supply<\/li>\r\n<li>Tolerance of high contaminant concentrations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"electro-nano-bioremediation"},"4":{"id":4,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-02-07 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-05-01 17:11:42","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Monitored Bioaugmentation","generic_desc":"<h3>Monitored Bioaugmentation (MBR)<\/h3>\r\n<p>Aerobic TCE\/DCE degradation without the need for added substrates, improved dispersion of introduced pollutant degrading bacteria<\/p>\r\n<h4>Targeted problems<\/h4>\r\n<p>Pathway management for:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Chloroethenes<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4>Performance gains<\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Broadens range of readily treatable aquifers<\/li>\r\n<li>No substrate needed, so avoids impact on aquifer quality and secondary emissions (CH4 H2S, VC)<\/li>\r\n<li>Genomics based validation of bioaugmentation<\/li>\r\n<li>Faster & cheaper (aerobic and reduced complexity)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"monitored-bioaugmentation"},"5":{"id":5,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-02-07 15:25:11","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-07-01 07:17:39","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Monitored Natural Attenuation","generic_desc":"<h3>Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA)<\/h3>\r\n<p>Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) refers to the reliance on natural attenuation processes to achieve site-specific remediation objectives within a timeframe that is reasonable compared to other methods. These processes include biodegradation, dispersion, dilution, sorption, volatilisation, and chemical or biological stabilisation, transformation, or destruction of contaminants.<\/p>\r\n<h4>Targeted problems<\/h4>\r\n<p>Source and pathway management for:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Petroleum hydrocarbons<\/li>\r\n<li>Chlorinated solvents<\/li>\r\n<li>Heavy metals<\/li>\r\n<li>Nutrients (e.g., nitrates, phosphates)<\/li>\r\n<li>Pesticides and herbicides<\/li>\r\n<li>Radionuclides<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4>Performance gains<\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Petroleum hydrocarbons<\/li>\r\n<li>Chlorinated solvents<\/li>\r\n<li>Heavy metals<\/li>\r\n<li>Cost-effective due to minimal active intervention<\/li>\r\n<li>Low disturbance to site ecosystems<\/li>\r\n<li>Adaptable to a wide range of contaminants and site conditions<\/li>\r\n<li>Long-term sustainability with minimal maintenance<\/li>\r\n<li>Reduced risk of exposure to contaminants during treatment<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"monitored-natural-attenuation"},"6":{"id":6,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"In situ flushing to change contaminant mobility","generic_desc":"<h3>In situ flushing to change contaminant mobility<\/h3>\n<p>In situ flushing involves the injection of water or other suitable fluids to mobilize and remove contaminants from soil or groundwater. This method aims to enhance the mobility of contaminants, making it easier to extract and treat them.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Source and pathway management for:<\/p> <ul> <li>Petroleum hydrocarbons<\/li> <li>Chlorinated solvents<\/li> <li>Heavy metals<\/li> <li>Pesticides<\/li> <li>Nutrients<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Effective for removing contaminants trapped in soil<\/li> <li>Improves extraction efficiency<\/li> <li>Minimal disturbance to site infrastructure<\/li> <li>Reduces long-term monitoring needs<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"in-situ-flushing-to-change-contaminant-mobility"},"7":{"id":7,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"In situ bioremediation","generic_desc":"<h3>In situ bioremediation<\/h3><p>In situ bioremediation enhances the natural biological processes that break down contaminants by optimizing conditions for microbial growth, such as adjusting nutrient levels and oxygen availability.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Source and pathway management for:<\/p> <ul> <li>Petroleum hydrocarbons<\/li> <li>Chlorinated solvents<\/li> <li>Heavy metals<\/li> <li>Nutrients<\/li> <li>Pesticides<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Environmentally friendly due to natural degradation<\/li> <li>Cost-effective for large-scale sites<\/li> <li>Low maintenance once established<\/li> <li>Adaptable to diverse contaminants and conditions<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"in-situ-bioremediation"},"8":{"id":8,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Soil vapour extraction \/ venting and bioventing","generic_desc":"<h3>Soil vapour extraction \/ venting and bioventing<\/h3><p>Soil vapour extraction (SVE) involves applying a vacuum to the soil to extract volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs and SVOCs) from the subsurface, while bioventing supplies oxygen to enhance biodegradation.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Source and pathway management for:<\/p> <ul> <li>Petroleum hydrocarbons<\/li> <li>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)<\/li> <li>Chlorinated solvents<\/li> <li>Nutrient management<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Effective for volatile contaminants<\/li> <li>Minimal disturbance to the site<\/li> <li>Enhances natural biodegradation<\/li> <li>Cost-effective for large sites<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"soil-vapour-extraction-venting-and-bioventing"},"9":{"id":9,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Air sparging and biosparging","generic_desc":"<h3>Air sparging and biosparging<\/h3>\n<p>Air sparging involves injecting air into contaminated groundwater to volatilize and remove contaminants, while biosparging enhances biodegradation by supplying oxygen to microorganisms.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Source and pathway management for:<\/p> <ul> <li>Petroleum hydrocarbons<\/li> <li>Chlorinated solvents<\/li> <li>VOCs<\/li> <li>Organic contaminants<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Accelerates degradation of contaminants<\/li> <li>Increases removal efficiency of VOCs<\/li> <li>Low-cost compared to traditional excavation<\/li> <li>Effective for both dissolved and adsorbed contaminants<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"air-sparging-and-biosparging"},"10":{"id":10,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"In situ chemical oxidation \/ reduction (ISCO\/R)","generic_desc":"<h3>In situ chemical oxidation \/ reduction (ISCO\/R)<\/h3>\n<p>In situ chemical oxidation\/reduction (ISCO\/R) involves injecting chemical oxidants or reductants into the subsurface to chemically degrade contaminants into less harmful compounds.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Source and pathway management for:<\/p> <ul> <li>Petroleum hydrocarbons<\/li> <li>Chlorinated solvents<\/li> <li>Pesticides<\/li> <li>Heavy metals<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Rapid reduction of contaminant concentrations<\/li> <li>Adaptable to various contaminants<\/li> <li>Minimal disturbance to the environment<\/li> <li>Cost-effective for complex contamination issues<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"in-situ-chemical-oxidation-reduction-isco-r"},"11":{"id":11,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Electro-remediation","generic_desc":"<h3>Electro-remediation<\/h3><p>Electro-remediation utilizes electric fields to mobilize and remove contaminants from soil or groundwater. Electrodes are placed into the ground, creating an electric field that drives contaminants towards collection points for treatment or removal.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Effective for:<\/p> <ul> <li>Heavy metals<\/li> <li>Chlorinated solvents<\/li> <li>Organic contaminants<\/li> <li>Radionuclides<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Non-invasive with minimal disruption to the site<\/li> <li>Effective in low-permeability soils<\/li> <li>Adaptable for use in various subsurface conditions<\/li> <li>Potential to enhance biodegradation when combined with other methods<\/li> <li>Controlled and precise application of electric fields<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"electro-remediation"},"12":{"id":12,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Phytoremediation","generic_desc":"<h3>Phytoremediation<\/h3><p>Phytoremediation involves using plants to remove, stabilize, or degrade contaminants from soil, water, or air. Certain plants can absorb contaminants through their roots, which are then stored or transformed into less harmful compounds.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Suitable for addressing:<\/p> <ul> <li>Heavy metals<\/li> <li>Petroleum hydrocarbons<\/li> <li>Pesticides and herbicides<\/li> <li>Nutrients (e.g., nitrates, phosphates)<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Environmentally friendly and sustainable<\/li> <li>Low-cost with minimal site disturbance<\/li> <li>Improves soil structure and ecosystem health<\/li> <li>Suitable for large areas<\/li> <li>Potential for landscape restoration<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"phytoremediation"},"13":{"id":13,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"In situ stabilisation","generic_desc":"<h3>In situ stabilisation<\/h3><p>In situ stabilization involves mixing stabilizing agents with contaminated soil to reduce the mobility and bioavailability of contaminants. This method doesn't remove contaminants but minimizes their environmental impact by immobilizing them.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Useful for controlling:<\/p> <ul> <li>Heavy metals<\/li> <li>Radionuclides<\/li> <li>Organic contaminants<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Cost-effective compared to excavation<\/li> <li>Minimal site disruption<\/li> <li>Reduces leaching and contaminant migration<\/li> <li>Long-term containment with minimal maintenance<\/li> <li>Versatile in various soil types and conditions<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"in-situ-stabilisation"},"14":{"id":14,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"In situ thermal","generic_desc":"<h3>In situ thermal<\/h3><p>In situ thermal remediation involves heating the subsurface to enhance the volatilization, degradation, or extraction of contaminants. Heat is applied through steam injection, electrical resistance heating, or other methods to increase contaminant mobility.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Effective for treating:<\/p> <ul> <li>Chlorinated solvents<\/li> <li>Petroleum hydrocarbons<\/li> <li>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Rapid treatment compared to other methods<\/li> <li>Can target difficult contaminants in low-permeability soils<\/li> <li>Effective in removing high-concentration contaminant zones<\/li> <li>Can be combined with other methods for enhanced effectiveness<\/li> <li>Reduces contaminant mass in a short timeframe<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"in-situ-thermal"},"16":{"id":16,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Permeable reactive barriers","generic_desc":"<h3>Permeable reactive barriers<\/h3><p>Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are installed in the subsurface to intercept and treat contaminated groundwater as it flows through. The barrier contains reactive materials that degrade or immobilize contaminants.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Effective for treating:<\/p> <ul> <li>Chlorinated solvents<\/li> <li>Heavy metals<\/li> <li>Nutrients (e.g., nitrates)<\/li> <li>Organic contaminants<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Long-term solution with low maintenance<\/li> <li>Non-invasive once installed<\/li> <li>Cost-effective for passive groundwater treatment<\/li> <li>Can target specific contaminants with tailored reactive media<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"permeable-reactive-barriers"},"17":{"id":17,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Ex situ bioremediation","generic_desc":"<h3>Ex situ bioremediation<\/h3><p>Ex situ bioremediation involves removing contaminated soil and treating it above ground using biological processes to degrade contaminants. This method typically includes techniques such as land farming, composting, and biopiles.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Suitable for managing:<\/p> <ul> <li>Petroleum hydrocarbons<\/li> <li>Pesticides and herbicides<\/li> <li>Organic contaminants<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Effective for large volumes of contaminated soil<\/li> <li>Contaminants are degraded naturally by microorganisms<\/li> <li>Cost-effective and sustainable<\/li> <li>Can be accelerated by controlling environmental conditions<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"ex-situ-bioremediation"},"18":{"id":18,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Soil washing and related ex situ treatments","generic_desc":"<h3>Soil washing and related ex situ treatments<\/h3><p>Soil washing involves physically separating contaminants from soil particles by scrubbing them in a water-based solution. This method is often combined with other treatments to enhance contaminant removal.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Applicable for removing:<\/p> <ul> <li>Heavy metals<\/li> <li>Organic contaminants<\/li> <li>Petroleum hydrocarbons<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Removes contaminants from soil rather than immobilizing them<\/li> <li>Can be applied to various soil types<\/li> <li>Allows recovery of treated soil for reuse<\/li> <li>Reduces the volume of hazardous waste<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"soil-washing-and-related-ex-situ-treatments"},"19":{"id":19,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Solidification \/ stabilisation","generic_desc":"<h3>Solidification \/ stabilisation<\/h3><p>Solidification\/stabilization involves mixing contaminated soil with binding agents (e.g., cement, lime) to encapsulate contaminants and prevent their migration. It reduces the mobility and bioavailability of contaminants.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Effective for:<\/p> <ul> <li>Heavy metals<\/li> <li>Organic contaminants<\/li> <li>Radionuclides<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Long-term containment solution<\/li> <li>Cost-effective for large sites<\/li> <li>Reduces leaching and contaminant mobility<\/li> <li>Minimal maintenance post-treatment<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"solidification-stabilisation"},"20":{"id":20,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Ex situ thermal treatments","generic_desc":"<h3>Ex situ thermal treatments<\/h3><p>Ex situ thermal treatments involve excavating contaminated soil and heating it to volatilize and remove organic contaminants. Methods include incineration, thermal desorption, and pyrolysis.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Effective for removing:<\/p> <ul> <li>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)<\/li> <li>Chlorinated solvents<\/li> <li>Petroleum hydrocarbons<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Can treat high contaminant concentrations<\/li> <li>Permanent destruction of many organic contaminants<\/li> <li>Rapid treatment compared to biological methods<\/li> <li>Effective for a wide range of soil types<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"ex-situ-thermal-treatments"},"21":{"id":21,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Vitrification","generic_desc":"<h3>Vitrification<\/h3><p>Vitrification involves heating contaminated soil or waste to extremely high temperatures, melting the material and transforming it into a glass-like solid. This method immobilizes contaminants by trapping them in a stable, inert matrix.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Effective for immobilizing:<\/p> <ul> <li>Heavy metals<\/li> <li>Radionuclides<\/li> <li>Asbestos<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Permanent immobilization of contaminants<\/li> <li>Produces a stable, durable end product<\/li> <li>Minimal environmental impact post-treatment<\/li> <li>Can be applied to highly hazardous waste<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"vitrification"},"22":{"id":22,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Capping and cover systems","generic_desc":"<h3>Capping and cover systems<\/h3><p>Capping and cover systems involve placing an impermeable layer over contaminated materials to isolate them from the environment, preventing exposure and limiting the infiltration of water that could spread contaminants.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Effective for containing:<\/p> <ul> <li>Landfill waste<\/li> <li>Heavy metals<\/li> <li>Organic contaminants<\/li> <li>Radionuclides<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Cost-effective containment solution<\/li> <li>Reduces exposure risk and environmental impact<\/li> <li>Minimizes leachate production<\/li> <li>Applicable to large contaminated areas<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"capping-and-cover-systems"},"23":{"id":23,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Impermeable barriers","generic_desc":"<h3>Impermeable barriers<\/h3><p>Impermeable barriers are physical structures installed in the subsurface to prevent the flow of contaminated groundwater or to contain contaminants within a specific area. These barriers are often made of materials such as bentonite clay or synthetic liners.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Used for controlling:<\/p> <ul> <li>Chlorinated solvents<\/li> <li>Petroleum hydrocarbons<\/li> <li>Heavy metals<\/li> <li>Radionuclides<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Effective for preventing contaminant migration<\/li> <li>Long-term containment solution<\/li> <li>Minimal maintenance once installed<\/li> <li>Suitable for groundwater management<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"impermeable-barriers"},"24":{"id":24,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Pump and treat","generic_desc":"<h3>Pump and treat<\/h3><p>Pump and treat involves extracting contaminated groundwater through wells and treating it at the surface before discharging it back into the environment. This method is commonly used for groundwater remediation.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Effective for treating:<\/p> <ul> <li>Chlorinated solvents<\/li> <li>Petroleum hydrocarbons<\/li> <li>Heavy metals<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Proven technology with extensive use in groundwater remediation<\/li> <li>Adaptable to various contaminants and site conditions<\/li> <li>Can be combined with in situ methods for enhanced results<\/li> <li>Continuous treatment option with real-time monitoring<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"pump-and-treat"},"25":{"id":25,"storage_id":4,"user_id":978,"created":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","created_by":"Helen McLennan","published":1,"modified_user_id":978,"modified":"2024-09-23 11:24:26","modified_by":"Helen McLennan","technology":"Excavation","generic_desc":"<h3>Excavation<\/h3><p>Excavation involves physically removing contaminated soil or material from a site for off-site treatment or disposal. This method is commonly used for smaller areas of contamination or when rapid remediation is required.<\/p> <h4>Targeted problems<\/h4> <p>Suitable for removing:<\/p> <ul> <li>Heavy metals<\/li> <li>Petroleum hydrocarbons<\/li> <li>Organic contaminants<\/li> <\/ul> <h4>Performance gains<\/h4> <ul> <li>Immediate removal of contamination<\/li> <li>Highly effective for localized contamination<\/li> <li>Allows for complete site restoration<\/li> <li>Can be combined with off-site treatment technologies<\/li> <\/ul>","custom_desc":"","link":"excavation"}}

Sustainable and Risk Based Land Management

Decision Support Tool